Distribution and population structure of the fish Cyphocharax gilbert (Characiformes: Curimatidae) in the Lower Paraíba do Sul River, Brazil

The distribution and population structure of Cyphocharax gilbert in four areas of the lower Paraíba do Sul River and its major tributaries (22ºS, 43ºW) were analyzed between March 1989 and February 1990. The species was common throughout the area, preferring major rivers with high turbidity and sand-mud substrates and range of length and size of specimens found varied depending on the particular characteristics of the site. A predominance of females was found in only area. Nevertheless, in all areas the bimonthly analysis showed preponderance of one of the sexes in periods before or after spawning. Males prevailed in shorter length classes and females in longer ones. There was a prevalence of young in one area that probably was used as a growth and feeding zone. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (3-4): 1015-1023. Epub 2007 December, 28.

Se analizó aspectos de la distribución y estructura poblacional de Cyphocharax gilbert en cuatro diferentes áreas del cause bajo del Rio Paraíba do Sul y sus principales afluentes (22ºS, 43ºW), entre marzo de 1989 y febrero de 1990. La especie fue común en toda su extención, ocupando preferentemente los ríos grandes con aguas turbias y substrato de arena-lodo. Los ámbitos de longitud y frecuencia de tamaños variaron con el lugar. Solo en una de las áreas hubo mayor proporción de hembras. Sin embargo, el análisis bimensual mostró una preponderancia de uno de los sexos en períodos antes y después del período reprodutivo en todas las áreas. Los machos prevalecen en los tamaños inferiores y las hembras en los superiores. Huvo una prevalencia de jóvenes en un área usada probablemente como una región para alimentación y crecimiento.

Reproductive biology of Astyanax janeiroensis (Osteichthyes, Characidae) from the Ubatiba River, Maricá, RJ, Brazil

Foram analisados aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Astyanax janeiroensis do rio Ubatiba – Maricá, RJ, afim de discutir se a estratégia adotada possui alguma relação de causalidade com as variáveis ambientais. Os espécimens foram coletados mensalmente, entre outubro 1994 e setembro 1995, mediante pesca elétrica. A proporção sexual não diferiu significativamente do esperado 1:1 (G = 1.29; p > 0.50); mas, considerando-se 3 classes de tamanho distintas, foi registrada diferença significativa, com predomínio de fêmeas, na classe de maior tamanho (G = 11,07; p < 0,01). O tamanho médio da 1ª maturação não apresentou diferença significativa entre os sexos. A análise da relação entre o peso e o indicou alometria negativa para os machos e isometria para as fêmeas. A estrutura de tamanho foi significativamente diferente entre os sexos sugerindo que as fêmeas alcançam tamanho superior ao dos machos (D = 0,027, p < 0,01). Foram registrados indivíduos reprodutivos ao longo de nove meses do ciclo anual. A variação temporal de indivíduos reprodutivos, de duas classes de comprimento, indicou comportamento assincrônico com os exemplares de maior tamanho reproduzindo durante um maior intervalo de tempo e os exemplares menores com reprodução restrita a alguns meses do ciclo anual. Altos valores de fecundidade foram registrados, variando de 3169 a 18714 ovócitos para peixes de 9,1 a 10,2 cm, respectivamente. Análises de correlação, entre peso total e o número de ovócitos/unidade de peso, apresentou correlação positiva e indicou que os espécimes maiores produzem mais ovos.

Reproductive biology of a characidiinae (osteichthyes, characidae) from the Ubatiba river, Maricß -- RJ

The Ubatiba river is a coastal stream subject to stochastic spates all over the year and, Characidium sp.n. is among the twenty-two species that compose its ichthyofauna. In this study we analyse some traits of its reproductive biology and discuss whether the adopted strategy has causal relationship with the environmental variables. Specimens were collected in the upper Ubatiba river. Samplings, were carried out monthly by electrofishing, between Oct./94 and Sep./95. Some differences between male and female strategies were observed. Females were significantly (p < 0.05) bigger than males; length -- weight relationship was different (p < 0.05) between sexes with the onset of sexual maturity occuring at smaller sizes among males. Reproductive investment is high for both males and females but higher for males, maximum Gonadosomatic Index for females and males were 40.97 percent and 44.90 percent, respectively. Reproductive specimens were registered all over the year, suggesting continuous reproduction. High values of fecundity were also registered varying from 1342 to 5535 eggs for ripe females of 4.4 and 7.0 cm, respectively and an amount of 1105 oocytes per grams of fish. We suggest that differences in the reproductive strategy, between sexes, determine the observed patterns in the size structure; the absence of males in the higher SL classes could be a consequence of high mortality rates and/or reduction in the growth rates as a precocity consequence in the onset of reproduction and/or high reproductive investment. Relationship between continuous reproduction and environmental condition could be explained as an adaptation to maximise supervivency of the young fishes that is: guarantee the species maintenance in a stochastic environment